Site References
The author’s publications and Live Sound Handbook each contain their own reference section linked to specific text and images; the most comprehensive being the PhD Thesis. The following text, images, and video list generally reference content on each web page that should be accessible by the general public:
Home Page
Text
Fleischer, G. (2008). Strategies of the Hearing System Against Noise and Auditory Damage. http://www.hearing-blog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Fleischer-2008-NTNU-paper-3MB.pdf
Kraus, N. White-Schwoch, Travis (2017). Music Keeps the Hearing Brain Young. The Hearing Journal, 44-46. http://www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu/documents/Kraus_White-Schwoch_HJNov2017.pdf
Parbery-Clark, A. Strait, DL. Anderson, S. Hittner, E. Kraus, N. (2011). Musical Experience and the Aging Auditory System: Implications for Cognitive Abilities and Hearing Speech in Noise. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018082
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care
Kraus, N. White-Schwoch, Travis (2017). Music Keeps the Hearing Brain Young. The Hearing Journal, 44-46. http://www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu/documents/Kraus_White-Schwoch_HJNov2017.pdf
Parbery-Clark, A. Strait, DL. Anderson, S. Hittner, E. Kraus, N. (2011). Musical Experience and the Aging Auditory System: Implications for Cognitive Abilities and Hearing Speech in Noise. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018082
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care
Images
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Measure
Text
Cusick, S.G. (2006). Music as torture / Music as Weapon.
Plack, C. J. , R. P. C. (1995). Loudness Perception and Intensity Coding. Academic Press: Elsevier Inc.
Reybrouck, M., Podlipniak, P., & Welch, D. (2019). Music and Noise: Same or Different? What Our Body Tells Us. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1153). doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2019.01153.
Welch, D. F., G. (2017). Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Plack, C. J. , R. P. C. (1995). Loudness Perception and Intensity Coding. Academic Press: Elsevier Inc.
Reybrouck, M., Podlipniak, P., & Welch, D. (2019). Music and Noise: Same or Different? What Our Body Tells Us. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1153). doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2019.01153.
Welch, D. F., G. (2017). Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Images
Airpods. From Adobe Stock Image (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Line Array. Selwyn Sounds.
Toto. Christchurch, 2019
Jimmy Barnes Christchurch, 2018
Line Array. Selwyn Sounds.
Toto. Christchurch, 2019
Jimmy Barnes Christchurch, 2018
Measuring SPL
Text
Alexandra Parbery-Clark, D. L. S., Samira Anderson, Emily Hittner, Nina Kraus. (2011). Musical Experience and the Aging Auditory System: Implications for Cognitive Abilities and Hearing Speech in Noise. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.001808
Andringa, T. C., & Lanser, J. J. L. (2013). How Pleasant Sounds Promote and Annoying Sounds Impede Health: A Cognitive Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1439-1461. https://doi.org/10.3390ijerph10041439
Chasin, D. M. (2015). Emotional effects of music exposure- part 1 -3. https://hearinghealthmatters.org/?s=emotional+effects+of+music+exposure
Dibble, K. (1995). “Hearing loss and music.” J. Audio Eng. Society, 43(4), 251-266.
Elliot, R. (2013). A-Weighting Filter For Audio Measurements. https://sound-au.com/project17.htm
Hear-it.org. (2019). Classical musicians at extreme risk for hearing loss. https://www.hear-it.org/classical-musicians-at-extreme-risk-for-hearing-loss
Kraus, N. (2017). How Sound Can Be an Ally or an Enemy of a Healthy Brain. https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/pub/kraus-n-2017-how-sound-can-be-an-ally-or-an-enemy-of-a-healthy-brain-scientific-american-guest-blog-feburary-23-2017/
Lipscomb, D. M. (2005). Hearing Conservation in Industry, Schools, and the Military (Vol. 1). NY, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
McFerren, D. (2018). Acoustic Shock. Canadian Audiologist, 5(1). https://canadianaudiologist.ca/acoustic-shock/
Reybrouck, M., Podlipniak, P., & Welch, D. (2019). Music and Noise: Same or Different? What Our Body Tells Us. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1153). doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2019.01153
Schust, M. (2004). Effects of low-frequency noise up to 100 Hz. Noise and Health, 6(23), 73-85.
US Army Laboratory (1979). High-Frequency Hearing Loss Incurred By Exposure To Low-Frequency Noise (79-3).
Andringa, T. C., & Lanser, J. J. L. (2013). How Pleasant Sounds Promote and Annoying Sounds Impede Health: A Cognitive Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1439-1461. https://doi.org/10.3390ijerph10041439
Chasin, D. M. (2015). Emotional effects of music exposure- part 1 -3. https://hearinghealthmatters.org/?s=emotional+effects+of+music+exposure
Dibble, K. (1995). “Hearing loss and music.” J. Audio Eng. Society, 43(4), 251-266.
Elliot, R. (2013). A-Weighting Filter For Audio Measurements. https://sound-au.com/project17.htm
Hear-it.org. (2019). Classical musicians at extreme risk for hearing loss. https://www.hear-it.org/classical-musicians-at-extreme-risk-for-hearing-loss
Kraus, N. (2017). How Sound Can Be an Ally or an Enemy of a Healthy Brain. https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/pub/kraus-n-2017-how-sound-can-be-an-ally-or-an-enemy-of-a-healthy-brain-scientific-american-guest-blog-feburary-23-2017/
Lipscomb, D. M. (2005). Hearing Conservation in Industry, Schools, and the Military (Vol. 1). NY, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
McFerren, D. (2018). Acoustic Shock. Canadian Audiologist, 5(1). https://canadianaudiologist.ca/acoustic-shock/
Reybrouck, M., Podlipniak, P., & Welch, D. (2019). Music and Noise: Same or Different? What Our Body Tells Us. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1153). doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2019.01153
Schust, M. (2004). Effects of low-frequency noise up to 100 Hz. Noise and Health, 6(23), 73-85.
US Army Laboratory (1979). High-Frequency Hearing Loss Incurred By Exposure To Low-Frequency Noise (79-3).
Images
Inexpensive SPL meter. Instantaneous SPL only.
iOS NiOSH APP. Monitor SPL, LEQ and Dose.
Professional SPL meter capable of recording Instantaneous SPL, LEQ, PEAK, frequency spectrum data, delay times, reverberation times, audio, and more.
Noise Weighted Graph. Adapted from "Low-noise Thin Surface Course – Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Noise Reduction. Transportation Research Procedia." by Merska, Oliwia & Mieczkowski, Paweł & Żymełka, Dawid. (2016). 14. (2688-2697) doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.445. CC.
Ear Sensitivity Graph. Adapted from "Standard ISO 226 2003: Communication, R. I. o. E. (2003). - Precise and Full-range Determination of Two-dimensional Equal Loudness Contours". In the public domain.
iOS NiOSH APP. Monitor SPL, LEQ and Dose.
Professional SPL meter capable of recording Instantaneous SPL, LEQ, PEAK, frequency spectrum data, delay times, reverberation times, audio, and more.
Noise Weighted Graph. Adapted from "Low-noise Thin Surface Course – Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Noise Reduction. Transportation Research Procedia." by Merska, Oliwia & Mieczkowski, Paweł & Żymełka, Dawid. (2016). 14. (2688-2697) doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.445. CC.
Ear Sensitivity Graph. Adapted from "Standard ISO 226 2003: Communication, R. I. o. E. (2003). - Precise and Full-range Determination of Two-dimensional Equal Loudness Contours". In the public domain.
Quantifying Risk
Text
Fink, D. J. (2017). What Is a Safe Noise Level for the Public? American Journal of Public Health, 107(1), 44-45. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303527
Hear-it.org. (2019). Hard to change young people’s PLD listening habits. https://www.hear-it.org/hard-change-young-peoples-pld-listening-habits
Hear-it.org. (2019). Let’s make listening safe for all. https://www.hear-it.org/lets-make-listening-safe-all
Lipscomb, D. M. (2005). Hearing Conservation in Industry, Schools, and the Military (Vol. 1). NY, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
World Health Organisation. (2015). 1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/ear-care/en/
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care.
Hear-it.org. (2019). Hard to change young people’s PLD listening habits. https://www.hear-it.org/hard-change-young-peoples-pld-listening-habits
Hear-it.org. (2019). Let’s make listening safe for all. https://www.hear-it.org/lets-make-listening-safe-all
Lipscomb, D. M. (2005). Hearing Conservation in Industry, Schools, and the Military (Vol. 1). NY, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
World Health Organisation. (2015). 1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/ear-care/en/
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care.
Images
Lauren Daigle, 2019, Christchurch, NZ
Standards and Enforcement
Text
Agency, U. E. P. (1974). US Environmental Protection Agency. Information on levels of environmental noise requisite to protect public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. http://www.nonoise.org
Audio, Nti. (2018). Live sound mixing – watch those bass frequencies for the neighbors. https://www.nti-audio.com/en/news/live-sound-mixing-watch-those-bass-frequencies-for-the-neighbors
Christchurch District Plan Part 11 Health and Safety. https://www.ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/The-Council/Plans-Strategies-Policies-Bylaws/PlansCityplan/17-V3-Part-11.pdf
Coleman, C. (2018). Musician wins landmark ruling over ruined hearing. BBC News. Retrieved from:- https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43571144
Fink, D. J. (2017). What Is a Safe Noise Level for the Public? American Journal of Public Health, 107(1), 44-45. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303527
Lipscomb, D. M. (2005). Hearing Conservation in Industry, Schools, and the Military (Vol. 1). NY, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Live DMA. (2021). www.live-dma.eu/sound-regulations-in-europe/
NZ Standards Occupational Noise Management AS/NZS 1269.
NZ Workplace. (2019). Health and Safety at Work Act 2015. https://worksafe.govt.nz/laws-and-regulations/acts/hswa/ Approved Code Of Practice For The Management Of Noise In The Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.worksafe.govt.nz/worksafe/information-guidance/all-guidance-items/acop-%20noise-in-the-workplace/workplace-noise-acop-pdf
Resource Management Act 1991. https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1991/0069/latest/DLM230265.html
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care.
Audio, Nti. (2018). Live sound mixing – watch those bass frequencies for the neighbors. https://www.nti-audio.com/en/news/live-sound-mixing-watch-those-bass-frequencies-for-the-neighbors
Christchurch District Plan Part 11 Health and Safety. https://www.ccc.govt.nz/assets/Documents/The-Council/Plans-Strategies-Policies-Bylaws/PlansCityplan/17-V3-Part-11.pdf
Coleman, C. (2018). Musician wins landmark ruling over ruined hearing. BBC News. Retrieved from:- https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43571144
Fink, D. J. (2017). What Is a Safe Noise Level for the Public? American Journal of Public Health, 107(1), 44-45. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303527
Lipscomb, D. M. (2005). Hearing Conservation in Industry, Schools, and the Military (Vol. 1). NY, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Live DMA. (2021). www.live-dma.eu/sound-regulations-in-europe/
NZ Standards Occupational Noise Management AS/NZS 1269.
NZ Workplace. (2019). Health and Safety at Work Act 2015. https://worksafe.govt.nz/laws-and-regulations/acts/hswa/ Approved Code Of Practice For The Management Of Noise In The Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.worksafe.govt.nz/worksafe/information-guidance/all-guidance-items/acop-%20noise-in-the-workplace/workplace-noise-acop-pdf
Resource Management Act 1991. https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1991/0069/latest/DLM230265.html
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care.
Images
Large Speaker. From Edwards, T. (2019). Sound Choice Pro Audio - Printed with permission
Hearing Health
Text
Fleischer, G. (2008). Strategies of the Hearing System Against Noise and Auditory Damage. Retrieved from http://www.hearing-blog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Fleischer-2008-NTNU-paper-3MB.pdf
Hear-it.org. (2019). Permanent threshold shift. Retrieved 2019, 2019, from https://www.hear-it.org/permanent-threshold-shift
Hear-it.org. (2019). Temporary threshold shift. Retrieved 2019, 2019, from https://www.hear-it.org/temporary-threshold-shift
Jared H. (2019). Ear Fatigue Symptoms When Mixing With Headphones & Monitors. Retrieved from https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/ear-fatigue-symptoms/
Kraus, N. White-Schwoch, Travis (2017). Music Keeps the Hearing Brain Young. The Hearing Journal, 44-46. Retrieved from http://www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu/documents/Kraus_White-Schwoch_HJNov2017.pdf
Parbery-Clark, A. Strait, DL. Anderson, S. Hittner, E. Kraus, N. (2011). Musical Experience and the Aging Auditory System: Implications for Cognitive Abilities and Hearing Speech in Noise. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018082
Rauschmayer, D. (2015). Why Do My Ears Hurt After A Show (and what can I do to prevent this). Presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention e-Brief 213, New York. Retrieved from http://www.aes.org/tmpFiles/elib/20191013/17889.pdf
Hear-it.org. (2019). Permanent threshold shift. Retrieved 2019, 2019, from https://www.hear-it.org/permanent-threshold-shift
Hear-it.org. (2019). Temporary threshold shift. Retrieved 2019, 2019, from https://www.hear-it.org/temporary-threshold-shift
Jared H. (2019). Ear Fatigue Symptoms When Mixing With Headphones & Monitors. Retrieved from https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/ear-fatigue-symptoms/
Kraus, N. White-Schwoch, Travis (2017). Music Keeps the Hearing Brain Young. The Hearing Journal, 44-46. Retrieved from http://www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu/documents/Kraus_White-Schwoch_HJNov2017.pdf
Parbery-Clark, A. Strait, DL. Anderson, S. Hittner, E. Kraus, N. (2011). Musical Experience and the Aging Auditory System: Implications for Cognitive Abilities and Hearing Speech in Noise. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018082
Rauschmayer, D. (2015). Why Do My Ears Hurt After A Show (and what can I do to prevent this). Presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention e-Brief 213, New York. Retrieved from http://www.aes.org/tmpFiles/elib/20191013/17889.pdf
Images
Hearing Fatigue?
Hearing Affecting Critical Listening
Text
Bay Audiology. (2018). What is Tinnitus? https://bayaudiology.co.nz/tinnitus/
Bulla, W. A. (2003). Daily Noise-Exposure of Audio Engineers: Assessment of Daily Noise-Exposures of Professional Music-Recording Audio Engineers Employing OSHA PEL Criteria. MEIEA, 3(1).
Dangerous Decibels. (2019). http://dangerousdecibels.org
Hear-it.org. (2019). Permanent threshold shift. https://www.hear-it.org/permanent-threshold-shift
Hear-it.org. (2019). Temporary threshold shift. https://www.hear-it.org/temporary-threshold-shift
Hear-it.org. (2019). Tinnitus. Retrieved from https://www.hear-it.org/tinnitus
Kähäri, K, Gunilla Zachau, Mats Eklöf, Leif Sandsjö & Claes Möller (2003).Assessment of hearing and hearing disorders in rock/jazz musicians, International Journal of Audiology, 42:5, 279-288, DOI: 10.3109/14992020309078347
Kraus, N. (2017). How Sound Can Be an Ally or an Enemy of a Healthy Brain. https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/pub/kraus-n-2017-how-sound-can-be-an-ally-or-an-enemy-of-a-healthy-brain-scientific-american-guest-blog-feburary-23-2017/
Moore, B. C. J. (2015). Effects of Sound-Induced Hearing Loss and Hearing Aids on the Perception of Music. Audio Engineering Society Conference: 58th International Conference: Music-Induced Hearing Disorders
Ostri, B. Eller, N. Dahlin, E. & Skylv G. (1989) Hearing Impairment in Orchestral Musicians, Scandinavian Audiology, 18:4, 243-249, DOI: 10.3109/01050398909042202
Rauschmayer, D. (2015). Why Do My Ears Hurt After A Show (and what can I do to prevent this). Presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention e-Brief 213, New York. Retrieved from http://www.aes.org/tmpFiles/elib/20191013/17889.pdf
Rawool, V. W. (2012). Hearing Conservation In Occupation, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings: Thieme.
Rumsey, F. (2015). Music-Induced Hearing Disorders. J. Audio Eng. Soc, 63(9), 745-749.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
UK, Health and Safety (2017). Sound Advice. http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/musicsound.htm
World Health Organisation. (2015). 1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/ear-care/en/
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. Section 2.4. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care.
Bulla, W. A. (2003). Daily Noise-Exposure of Audio Engineers: Assessment of Daily Noise-Exposures of Professional Music-Recording Audio Engineers Employing OSHA PEL Criteria. MEIEA, 3(1).
Dangerous Decibels. (2019). http://dangerousdecibels.org
Hear-it.org. (2019). Permanent threshold shift. https://www.hear-it.org/permanent-threshold-shift
Hear-it.org. (2019). Temporary threshold shift. https://www.hear-it.org/temporary-threshold-shift
Hear-it.org. (2019). Tinnitus. Retrieved from https://www.hear-it.org/tinnitus
Kähäri, K, Gunilla Zachau, Mats Eklöf, Leif Sandsjö & Claes Möller (2003).Assessment of hearing and hearing disorders in rock/jazz musicians, International Journal of Audiology, 42:5, 279-288, DOI: 10.3109/14992020309078347
Kraus, N. (2017). How Sound Can Be an Ally or an Enemy of a Healthy Brain. https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/pub/kraus-n-2017-how-sound-can-be-an-ally-or-an-enemy-of-a-healthy-brain-scientific-american-guest-blog-feburary-23-2017/
Moore, B. C. J. (2015). Effects of Sound-Induced Hearing Loss and Hearing Aids on the Perception of Music. Audio Engineering Society Conference: 58th International Conference: Music-Induced Hearing Disorders
Ostri, B. Eller, N. Dahlin, E. & Skylv G. (1989) Hearing Impairment in Orchestral Musicians, Scandinavian Audiology, 18:4, 243-249, DOI: 10.3109/01050398909042202
Rauschmayer, D. (2015). Why Do My Ears Hurt After A Show (and what can I do to prevent this). Presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention e-Brief 213, New York. Retrieved from http://www.aes.org/tmpFiles/elib/20191013/17889.pdf
Rawool, V. W. (2012). Hearing Conservation In Occupation, Recreational, Educational, and Home Settings: Thieme.
Rumsey, F. (2015). Music-Induced Hearing Disorders. J. Audio Eng. Soc, 63(9), 745-749.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
UK, Health and Safety (2017). Sound Advice. http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/musicsound.htm
World Health Organisation. (2015). 1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/ear-care/en/
World Health Organisation. (2021). World Report on Hearing. Section 2.4. https://www.who.int/activities/highlighting-priorities-for-ear-and-hearing-care.
Images
Audiogram.From "Daily Noise-Exposure of Audio Engineers: Assessment of Daily Noise-Exposures of Professional Music-Recording Audio Engineers Employing OSHA PEL Criteria" by Bulla, W. A. (2003). MEIEA, 3(1) (http://www.meiea.org/resources/Journal/html_ver/Vol03_No01/Vol_3_No_1_A4.html). Copyright 2003 Music & Entertainment Industry Educators Association
Audiogram viewed as an EQ curve
Audiogram viewed as an EQ curve with frequency loss compensated
Audiogram viewed as an EQ curve
Audiogram viewed as an EQ curve with frequency loss compensated
Mixing With Some Damage
Text
Alexandra Parbery-Clark, D. L. S., Samira Anderson, Emily Hittner, Nina Kraus. (2011). Musical Experience and the Aging Auditory System: Implications for Cognitive Abilities and Hearing Speech in Noise. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018082
Andringa, T. C., & Lanser, J. J. L. (2013). How Pleasant Sounds Promote and Annoying Sounds Impede Health: A Cognitive Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1439-1461. https://doi.org/10.3390ijerph10041439
Barry, J. P. and I. B. Thomas. (1972). “A clinical study to evaluate rock music, symphonic music and noise as sources of acoustic trauma.” J. Audio Eng. Society, 20(4), 271-274
Chasin, D. M. (2015). Emotional effects of music exposure- part 1 -3. https://hearinghealthmatters.org/?s=emotional+effects+of+music+exposure
Dibble, K. (1995). “Hearing loss and music.” J. Audio Eng. Society, 43(4), 251-266.
Hörmann, H. M., G. Gummlich, H. (1970). Psychische und physische Reaktionen auf Geräusch verschiedener subjektiver Wertigkeit [Psychological and physiological reactions to noise of different subjective valence (TTS and EMG)]. Psychologische Forschung, 33(4), pp289-309.
Kraus, N. (2017). How Sound Can Be an Ally or an Enemy of a Healthy Brain. https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/pub/kraus-n-2017-how-sound-can-be-an-ally-or-an-enemy-of-a-healthy-brain-scientific-american-guest-blog-feburary-23-2017/
Kraus, N. W.-S., Travis (2017). Music Keeps the Hearing Brain Young. The Hearing Journal, 44-46.
Rauschmayer, D. (2015). Why Do My Ears Hurt After A Show (and what can I do to prevent this). Presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention e-Brief 213, New York. Retrieved from http://www.aes.org/tmpFiles/ elib/20191013/17889.pdf
Swanson, S. J. D., H A; Kondrick, P; Miller, C L. (1987). The Influence of Subjective Factors on Temporary Threshold Shifts after Exposure to Music and Noise of Equal Energy. Ear and Hearing, 8(5), 288-291.
Andringa, T. C., & Lanser, J. J. L. (2013). How Pleasant Sounds Promote and Annoying Sounds Impede Health: A Cognitive Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1439-1461. https://doi.org/10.3390ijerph10041439
Barry, J. P. and I. B. Thomas. (1972). “A clinical study to evaluate rock music, symphonic music and noise as sources of acoustic trauma.” J. Audio Eng. Society, 20(4), 271-274
Chasin, D. M. (2015). Emotional effects of music exposure- part 1 -3. https://hearinghealthmatters.org/?s=emotional+effects+of+music+exposure
Dibble, K. (1995). “Hearing loss and music.” J. Audio Eng. Society, 43(4), 251-266.
Hörmann, H. M., G. Gummlich, H. (1970). Psychische und physische Reaktionen auf Geräusch verschiedener subjektiver Wertigkeit [Psychological and physiological reactions to noise of different subjective valence (TTS and EMG)]. Psychologische Forschung, 33(4), pp289-309.
Kraus, N. (2017). How Sound Can Be an Ally or an Enemy of a Healthy Brain. https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/pub/kraus-n-2017-how-sound-can-be-an-ally-or-an-enemy-of-a-healthy-brain-scientific-american-guest-blog-feburary-23-2017/
Kraus, N. W.-S., Travis (2017). Music Keeps the Hearing Brain Young. The Hearing Journal, 44-46.
Rauschmayer, D. (2015). Why Do My Ears Hurt After A Show (and what can I do to prevent this). Presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention e-Brief 213, New York. Retrieved from http://www.aes.org/tmpFiles/ elib/20191013/17889.pdf
Swanson, S. J. D., H A; Kondrick, P; Miller, C L. (1987). The Influence of Subjective Factors on Temporary Threshold Shifts after Exposure to Music and Noise of Equal Energy. Ear and Hearing, 8(5), 288-291.
Images
Rational Acoustics's Smaart Spectrum Analyser
The Ear - An Overview
Text
Chasin. (2009). Hearing Loss in Musicians: Prevention & Management: Plural Publishing, Inc.
Jared H. (2019). Ear Fatigue Symptoms When Mixing With Headphones & Monitors. https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/ear-fatigue-symptoms/
Pedroja, C. (2018). Is Ear Hair Normal? What You Should Know. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/ ear-hair
Pietrangelo, K. C. a. A. (2017). Earwax Buildup and Blockage. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/earwax-buildup
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Jared H. (2019). Ear Fatigue Symptoms When Mixing With Headphones & Monitors. https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/ear-fatigue-symptoms/
Pedroja, C. (2018). Is Ear Hair Normal? What You Should Know. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/ ear-hair
Pietrangelo, K. C. a. A. (2017). Earwax Buildup and Blockage. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/earwax-buildup
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Images
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Four Ears. From Tempero, W (2019). Printed with permission.
Four Ears. From Tempero, W (2019). Printed with permission.
The Outer Ear
Text
Pedroja, C. (2018). Is Ear Hair Normal? What You Should Know. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/ ear-hair
Pietrangelo, K. C. a. A. (2017). Earwax Buildup and Blockage. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/earwax-buildup
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Pietrangelo, K. C. a. A. (2017). Earwax Buildup and Blockage. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/earwax-buildup
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Images
Cauliflower Ears. Graham Rowntree, Randy CoutureChris Jack. Keven Mealamu, (https://imgur.com/gallery/df6zK/comment/478935772), (https://www.mirror.co.uk/incoming/gallery/the-worst-ears-in-rugby-1439519) (https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/9630617/ufc-fighter-randy-couture-famous-cauliflower-ears-espn-magazine)
Conductive Hearing Loss. From "8 Reasons To See An Audiologist" by Moonriver, Pearl S. (2019). (http://www.moonriverpearls.com/8-reasons-to-see-an- audiologist/). In the public domain.
Earglasses. (2020) https://www.facebook.com/pg/EarglassesSoundMagnifiers/photos/?ref=page_internal
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Pinna Labels.https://www.virginiafacialplasticsurgery.com/procedures/otoplasty
Sound Locators.https://www.pinterest.nz/compton0923/sound-locators/
Tympani Drum. https://www.richtonemusic.co.uk/product/evans-orchestral-timpani-drum-head-34-inch/
Tympanic Membrane Illustration with Tear https://imgur.com/gallery/Ms2TP8x
Conductive Hearing Loss. From "8 Reasons To See An Audiologist" by Moonriver, Pearl S. (2019). (http://www.moonriverpearls.com/8-reasons-to-see-an- audiologist/). In the public domain.
Earglasses. (2020) https://www.facebook.com/pg/EarglassesSoundMagnifiers/photos/?ref=page_internal
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Pinna Labels.https://www.virginiafacialplasticsurgery.com/procedures/otoplasty
Sound Locators.https://www.pinterest.nz/compton0923/sound-locators/
Tympani Drum. https://www.richtonemusic.co.uk/product/evans-orchestral-timpani-drum-head-34-inch/
Tympanic Membrane Illustration with Tear https://imgur.com/gallery/Ms2TP8x
The Middle Ear
Text
Chasin. (2009). Hearing Loss in Musicians: Prevention & Management: Plural Publishing, Inc.
McNeill, C. (2018). Tonic Tensor Tympani Syndrome (TTTS). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-rumbling-2#voluntary-control
Swanson, S. J. D., H A; Kondrick, P; Miller, C L. (1987). The Influence of Subjective Factors on Temporary Threshold Shifts after Exposure to Music and Noise of Equal Energy. Ear and Hearing, 8(5), 288-291.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
McNeill, C. (2018). Tonic Tensor Tympani Syndrome (TTTS). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-rumbling-2#voluntary-control
Swanson, S. J. D., H A; Kondrick, P; Miller, C L. (1987). The Influence of Subjective Factors on Temporary Threshold Shifts after Exposure to Music and Noise of Equal Energy. Ear and Hearing, 8(5), 288-291.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Images
Auditory Ossicle Size. Adapted from "Anatomy Box: Ossicles" by Fankhauser, D. B. (2012). (http://www.anatomybox.com/tag/dime/). CC.
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
The Middle Ear. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). CC BY.
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
The Middle Ear. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). CC BY.
The Inner Ear
Text
Hearing, Health (2009). Hearing Motors in the Ears ? Fire Up Your Engine. Retrieved from https://www.healthyhearing.com/report/42912-Hearing-motors-hearing-loss
Swanson, S. J. D., H A; Kondrick, P; Miller, C L. (1987). The Influence of Subjective Factors on Temporary Threshold Shifts after Exposure to Music and Noise of Equal Energy. Ear and Hearing, 8(5), 288-291.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Welch, D. F., G. (2017). Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Swanson, S. J. D., H A; Kondrick, P; Miller, C L. (1987). The Influence of Subjective Factors on Temporary Threshold Shifts after Exposure to Music and Noise of Equal Energy. Ear and Hearing, 8(5), 288-291.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Welch, D. F., G. (2017). Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Video
Dancing Outer Hair Cell - Video by Prof. Jonathan Ashmore (http://www.auditoryneuroscience.com/ear/dancing-outer-hair-cell)
Images
Basilar Membrane. From "Mitochondrial hearing loss mutations in Northern Finnish preterm and term-born babies" by Soini, H.K. (2016), https:// www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mitochondrial-hearing-loss-mutations-in-Northern-Soini/843252a74a84d63d835d8a20a9d1e5bfc69eafb9/figure/24. CC.
Cochlea. Adapted from File:1406 Cochlea.jpg (2020). OpenStax (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/1406_Cochlea.jpg). (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) CC BY.
Cochlea. From " Spiral Form of the Human Cochlea Results from Spatial Constraints" by Pietsch, M. L. A. D. Erfurt, P. Avci, E. Lenarz,T. & Kral, A. (2017). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017- 07795-4. CC.
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). & Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Hair Bundle. From Dangerous Decibels (2019). (Page 53, http://dangerousdecibels.org/wp-content/ uploads/2010/04/Educator-Resource-Guide-2010. pdf). In the public domain.
Single Hair Cell. From Dangerous Decibels (2019). (Page 55, http://dangerousdecibels.org/wp-content/ uploads/2010/04/Educator-Resource-Guide-2010.pdf). In the public domain.
Tiplinks. From: Local mechanisms for loud sound- enhanced aminoglycoside entry into outer hair cells by Li, H., Kachelmeier, A., Furness, D.N. and Steyger, P.S. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (2015). (doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00130). CC.
Vestibular System and Cochlea. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0). CC.
Cochlea. Adapted from File:1406 Cochlea.jpg (2020). OpenStax (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/1406_Cochlea.jpg). (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) CC BY.
Cochlea. From " Spiral Form of the Human Cochlea Results from Spatial Constraints" by Pietsch, M. L. A. D. Erfurt, P. Avci, E. Lenarz,T. & Kral, A. (2017). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017- 07795-4. CC.
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). & Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Hair Bundle. From Dangerous Decibels (2019). (Page 53, http://dangerousdecibels.org/wp-content/ uploads/2010/04/Educator-Resource-Guide-2010. pdf). In the public domain.
Single Hair Cell. From Dangerous Decibels (2019). (Page 55, http://dangerousdecibels.org/wp-content/ uploads/2010/04/Educator-Resource-Guide-2010.pdf). In the public domain.
Tiplinks. From: Local mechanisms for loud sound- enhanced aminoglycoside entry into outer hair cells by Li, H., Kachelmeier, A., Furness, D.N. and Steyger, P.S. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (2015). (doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00130). CC.
Vestibular System and Cochlea. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0). CC.
IEMs and EARPLUGS
Text
Gordon, K. (2008). In-Ear Monitors: Tips of the Trade. https://www.audiologyonline.com/articles/in-ear-monitors-tips-trade-902
H., Jared. (2019). Ear Fatigue Symptoms When Mixing With Headphones & Monitors. https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/ear-fatigue-symptoms/
UK, Health and Safety (2017). Sound Advice. Retrieved 9 April 2017, 2017, http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/musicsound.htm
H., Jared. (2019). Ear Fatigue Symptoms When Mixing With Headphones & Monitors. https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/ear-fatigue-symptoms/
UK, Health and Safety (2017). Sound Advice. Retrieved 9 April 2017, 2017, http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/musicsound.htm
Images
Assorted Earplugs
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Ear Anatomy Illustration. Adapted from Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) CC. BY. and Adobe Stock Images (2020). Reprinted under Licence.
Culture
Text
Plack, C. J. , R. P. C. (1995). Loudness Perception and Intensity Coding. Academic Press: Elsevier Inc.
Rumsey, F. (2015). Music-Induced Hearing Disorders. J. Audio Eng. Soc, 63(9), 745-749.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Rumsey, F. (2015). Music-Induced Hearing Disorders. J. Audio Eng. Soc, 63(9), 745-749.
Tortora, G. J. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 620-641
Images
NASDA, Curtains. 2019. SC Sound Design and Operator
Loud and the Audio Engineer
Text
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Images
2017-2018 production of 'Chicago'. From The Court Theatre - Christchurch (2018). Photography by Danielle Colvin Photography. Reprinted with permission.
Audio Engineers on Audio Engineers I
Text
Compton, S. (2024). Mixing Hearing Management With Live Sound Culture. https://hdl.handle.net/10092/107506Rumsey, F. (2015). Music-Induced Hearing Disorders. J. Audio Eng. Soc, 63(9), 745-749.
Images
Mix Influences
Audio Engineers on Audio Engineers II
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Images
CSO, Pirates of the Caribbean, Monitors, Christchurch, NZ (SC Monitors)
NZSSSO, Christchurch NZ, 2018, (SC Video/Audio Recording and Post-Production)
NZSSSO, Christchurch NZ, 2018, (SC Video/Audio Recording and Post-Production)